一般来说，中国学生对于英语的理解，是以句子为单位的。所以，能否理解好句子是阅读和翻译的重要基础。但这一点是学生经常忽视或存在误解的。我们认为，对于句子理解存在问题，必定影响对于整个篇章的理解，但我们却不能认为，理解好了句子，也就了解了文章。那么，我们如何能够理解好一个句子呢？孤立的理解任何一个单句当然都存在着理解上的争议，所以我们对于句子理解的讨论自然是在篇章中进行。同时，我们也要充分利用篇章获得有益的线索，加深我们对句子的理解。除了篇章上下文之外，词汇、语法、文化背景以及语感等等都是影响句子理解质量的因素。所以，我们对于句子理解将集中于以上提出的几点。而要把理解好的句子翻译成合适的汉语，又涉及到翻译要考虑的语意功能对等要求。 概括来说，良好理解是翻译的基础，而翻译是良好理解的表现形式。所以我们的讲解也是遵照这样的顺序，先实现良好的理解，再探讨翻译时应注意的问题。 要很好的理解文章，我们应该在篇章上下文之外，词汇、语法、文化背景以及语感几个方面下功夫。 有了良好的理解，就为我们的翻译提供了很大的帮助。但并不是全部的帮助。因为在翻译当中，同样有很多独特的问题需要注意。具体来说，我们要想获得成功的翻译，还应该做到以下几点： （一） 准确； （二） 完整； 现在，我们选择一篇英语文章具体讲解在处理长句与难句时我们应该注意些什么，遵照什么样的原则，以及容易犯的错误。 【例文】 Nike: Just Don't Do It Fans like its hands-off approach to Converse The practice is known as "Beaverizing." It's a term industry insiders use for what Nike, based in Beaverton, Ore., has done to some companies it's acquired through the years. Rather than letting the brands stand on their own, it gives them a Nike makeover. It swoosh-ified the hockey-equipment maker Bauer, for example, and boasted about Nike Air technology in its Cole Haan shoe subsidiary. Many feared the same would happen when Nike bought Converse, maker of the iconic Chuck Taylor All-Stars, a year ago. After all, the two companies seemed polar opposites. Nike made pricey, high-tech sneakers like $165 Air Jordans; Converse was known for cheap, low-tech sneakers that have been the unofficial gear of the anti-establishment for years (Kurt Cobain was wearing Cons when he committed suicide in 1994). The Wall Street Journal sounded an ominous note when the deal broke in July 2003: "The Swoosh is swallowing Chuck Taylor." Surprise, surprise. With Converse, Nike seems to have flipped its own slogan on its head. Meddle? Just don't do it. And the strategy appears to have paid off. Converse still has its retro-rebellious buzz, and its shoes are hot. Check the feet of Avril Lavigne, Blink 182, Kid Rock and the Strokes-they're even the go-to shoe among fashion models in Paris this year. Sales, though still a sliver of the overall market, have surged the last few years (chart). "Converse is everywhere right now," says Marshal Cohen, who tracks fashion for NPD Group, a market-research firm: younger buyers like the hip heritage of Cons. "It's funky and it's lasted this long-it must be good," said Britney Ellis, a New Jersey teenager, after buying a pair of navy Chuck Taylors. Nike execs say they always intended to leave Converse alone. "We let the team in place run the business the way they need it to run," says Scott Olivet, vice president of Nike Subsidiaries. (Converse executives declined to comment.) They learned their lesson from the Bauer experience. After Nike acquired Bauer in 1995, it started selling gear with its distinctive logo, tinkered with the technology and offended traditionalists when it outfitted superstar Sergei Fedorov in snow-white skates. Nike "lost sight of the DNA" of Bauer, and "consumers recognized it immediately
