美国确定俄罗斯干扰美国大选

The US has formally accused the Russian government of attempting to meddle in November’s presidential election and blamed Russia for a series of cyber attacks, including the hacking of the Democratic National Committee.

美国正式指控俄罗斯政府企图干扰11月的总统大选，并将一系列网络攻击归咎于俄罗斯，其中包括民主党全国委员会(DNC)遭黑客入侵事件。

In a joint statement, the Department of Homeland Security and Director of National Intelligence on Election Security said it was now “confident that the Russian government directed the recent compromises of emails from US persons and institutions, including from US political organisations”.

美国国土安全部(Homeland Security Department)和负责选举安全的国家情报总监(Director of National Intelligence)在联合声明中表示，现已“确定俄罗斯政府主导了最近美国人民、机构乃至美国政治组织遭到的邮件入侵事件。”

“These theft and disclosures are intended to interfere with the US election process. Such activity is not new to Moscow,” US authorities said. “We believe, based on the scope and sensitivity of these efforts, that only Russia’s senior-most officials could have authorised these activities.”

美国当局表示：“这些偷窃和泄露行为旨在干扰美国选举过程，俄罗斯政府对此类活动并不陌生。我们认为，基于这些行动的范围和敏感性，只有俄罗斯的最高级官员能够授权这些活动。”

On Friday night, President Vladimir Putin’s spokesman dismissed the US allegations. “This is again some kind of nonsense,” Dmitry Peskov told Russian news agency Interfax. “[Our] website experiences tens of thousands of attacks by hackers every day.”

周五晚间，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)的发言人驳斥了美国这一指控。德米特里•巴斯科夫(Dmitry Peskov)向俄罗斯通讯社国际文传电讯社(Interfax)表示：“（我们的）网站每天都遭到黑客数万次攻击。”

The US has alleged that the hacking fits into patterns of other cyber attacks in Eurasia and Europe, as all were attempts to “influence public opinion”.

美国声称这些网络攻击与欧亚大陆和欧洲遭到的网络攻击模式相符，它们都企图“影响公众舆论”。

A breach of the Democratic National Committee's emails and servers this year led to 20,000 internal emails being leaked on the eve of the Democratic convention, with many of the exchanges embarrassing. The DNC’s then chairwoman Debbie Wasserman-Schultz resigned in the wake of the scandal, along with a handful of senior DNC staffers.

今年民主党全国委员会的电子邮件和服务器入侵事件，导致2万封电子邮件在民主党全国代表大会前夕遭到泄露，其中包含许多尴尬内容。这桩丑闻发生后，民主党全国委员会时任主席黛比•沃瑟曼•舒尔茨(Debbie Wasserman Schultz)连同几名资深员工宣布辞职。

In a separate cyber attack, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee was hacked, resulting in Democratic lawmakers' mobile phone numbers and other personal information being leaked to the public.

民主党国会竞选委员会(Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee)也受到网络攻击，导致民主党议员手机号码及其他个人信息被泄露给公众。

In addition to blaming those two attacks on Russia, the US also said that some states had seen an increase in scanning and probing of their election related systems, suggesting that hackers may be trying to tamper with the actual US ballot machines.

除了将上述两起攻击归咎于俄罗斯外，美国还表示国内有些州已观察到其选举相关系统受到的扫描和探测在增加，表明黑客可能在试图篡改美国的选票机。

The US said it was not currently “in a position to attribute this activity to the Russian government”. But it also noted that the hacking activity appeared to originate on servers located in Russia.

美国表示目前还不能“将这一行为归咎于俄罗斯政府”，但它同时注意到这些黑客活动似乎起源于俄罗斯的服务器。

The US said that it would be “extremely difficult for someone, including a nation-state actor, to alter actual ballot counts or election results by cyber attack or intrusion”, citing the decentralised nature of the US election system and protections in place at the state and local level.

美国以其选举制度的分散性以及国家及地方受到的保护为例，表示“对于个人，包括国家行为体来说，通过网络攻击或入侵来改变实际投票数或选举结果都是极其困难的”。