村山敦促安倍70周年谈话继承反省

Japan risks forgetting the lessons of its militarist past if prime minister Shinzo Abe tampers with history, according to the man who made the country’s definitive apology for the second world war.

曾明确为日本二战行为道歉的日本前首相村山富市(Tomiichi Murayama)表示，如果日本首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)篡改历史，日本可能会忘记其军国主义历史的教训。

In an interview with the FinanciAl Times, former prime minister Tomiichi Murayama — who made a landmark declaration in 1995 on the 50th anniversary of the war’s end — attacked Mr Abe’s decision to make a new statement on the 70th anniversary this year.

在接受英国《金融时报》采访时，村山富市抨击了安倍晋三将在今年就二战结束70周年发表新表态的决定。1995年，村山富市曾在二战结束50周年之际，发表过里程碑式的讲话。

Mr Murayama’s intervention, which comes as Mr Abe prepares for speeches in Indonesia and the US where he is likely to road-test his message on history, shows how the legacy of the war remains fiercely disputed in Japan.

村山富市介入此事之际，安倍晋三正准备在印尼和美国发表讲话。他可能会通过这些讲话，试探他对历史的言论会产生什么影响。村山的介入表明，二战遗留问题在日本依然存在激烈争论。

The August proclamation by Mr Abe will be one of the most important moments in Asian diplomacy this year, with China and Korea watching for any sign of revisionism by a prime minister they regard as an unrepentant nationalist.

安倍在8月份的讲话，将是今年亚洲外交最重要的时刻之一，因为中韩两国都在密切关注这一讲话，是否会有篡改历史的迹象。在他们眼中，安倍晋三是一位不知悔改的民族主义者。

Mr Murayama said the objective of his 1995 statement — which describes Japan’s “deep remorse” for its “colonial rule and aggression” — was less an apology than the correct remembrance of history. He urged Mr Abe to retain those words.

村山富市表示，1995年村山谈话的目的与其说是为了道歉，不如说是为了恰当地记住历史。在该声明中，村山富市描述了日本对“殖民统治和侵略”的“深刻反省”（deep remorse）。他敦促安倍也保留这类措辞。

“The goal is not to apologise. The important thing is our recognition of what we did in the past, and whether it was good or bad,” said Mr Murayama. “This isn’t a problem where you apologise to the Korean people or the Chinese people and it’s done.”

村山富市表示：“目的并不是道歉。重要的问题在于，我们要认识到过去做过什么，所做的是好事还是坏事。并不是说，向韩国人民和中国人民道歉后就完事了。”

His remarks highlight the dispute between Japan’s nationalists, who want to rehabilitate a war in which millions of Japanese died and recast it as a noble but failed effort in the national interest; and those such as Mr Murayama, who regard it as a futile and tragic mistake.

村山富市的表态凸显出日本民族主义者与村山等人之间存在的争论。日本的民族主义者希望为一场导致数百万日本人丧生的战争正名，将其正名为一次符合日本国家利益却未能取得成功的高贵努力。而村山等人则将它视为毫无意义的悲剧性错误。

“It wasn’t just the people of China and Korea who suffered great harm from our colonial rule and aggression, it was the people of Japan who suffered as well,” he says.

他说：“受到我们殖民统治和侵略巨大伤害的，不仅包括中韩两国的人民，日本人民也同样深受其害。”

“Their homes were bombed, and the bombing killed many people, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki became the first to suffer an atomic bomb. Therefore, if we look again at that war, it was a completely reckless war. We must not repeat it, must not repeat that error.”

“他们的家园遭到了轰炸，许多人为此丧生，广岛和长崎成为原子弹的首批受害者。因此，如果我们回顾这场战争，就会发现这是一场丝毫未顾忌后果的战争。我们一定不能重现这场战争，一定不能再犯这种错误。”

When he came to power in 2013, Mr Abe declined to accept the Murayama declaration in full, and quibbled about the definition of “aggression”. He has since backed off that position and said his government upheld previous declarations, such as that of Mr Murayama, “in their entirety”.

2013年担任首相时，安倍拒绝全盘接受村山声明，并曾围绕“侵略”一词的定义开展诡辩。自那以来，安倍这一立场已有所软化，曾表示其政府赞成村山等人此前声明的“全部内容”。

However, that reveals little about what Mr Abe himself will say. In a recent FT interview, Mr Abe said he wanted a statement reflecting on Japan’s past 70 years as a liberal democracy, and preparing for the “80th anniversary and 90th anniversary and 100th anniversary”.

不过，对于安倍自己会说些什么，这一表态透露不了什么信息。在最近接受英国《金融时报》采访时，安倍曾表示他希望他所发表的声明，能回顾日本作为自由民主国家的70年历程，并为“80年纪念日、90年纪念日、100年纪念日”做好准备。

The prime minister has set up a panel to advise him on the 70th anniversary, and people involved in the discussions said he has yet to decide exactly what to say. With no declaration likely to satisfy China and Korea, they said that Mr Abe’s most important audience was in the US.

安倍成立了一个小组，为他就二战结束70周年提供咨询意见。参与相关磋商的人士表示，安倍尚未明确决定说些什么。他们表示，由于任何声明都不会让中国和韩国满意，安倍讲话的最重要听众其实是美国。

Hints at his approach may emerge later this month at the Bandung conference in Indonesia, an anti-colonial gathering of Asian and African leaders, and then when he addresses a joint session of Congress in Washington on April 29.

至于安倍讲话的风向，在本月晚些时候或许会初现端倪。届时亚洲和非洲领导人将聚集在印尼万隆，召开反殖民主义的万隆会议。接着，安倍还会于4月29日，在华盛顿向美国国会两院联席会议发表演讲。

For Mr Murayama, the answer is to stick with the wording used by his government. Although a socialist, he led a grand coalition of left and right that included Mr Abe’s Liberal Democratic party, and the declaration was his great achievement in office.

对于村山富市来说，答案就是要在讲话中坚持使用村山政府的措辞。虽然村山是一名社会党人，但是他曾领导过左翼和右翼组成的大联合政府，这一联盟中还包括了安倍所在的自民党(LDP)，而村山谈话则是他首相任内的一大成就。

“If we water down, muddy or fail to touch on the problems of ‘aggression’ and ‘colonial rule’ in the Murayama declaration, then Korea and China will once again distrust and worry about Japan,” he said.

村山表示：“对于村山谈话中的‘侵略’和‘殖民统治’问题，如果采取掺水或污名化的办法，或不去触及这个问题，韩国和中国会再次对日本产生不信任感，并为此担心日本的走向。”