10位改变世界的诺贝尔奖得主(下)

InternationAl Committee of the Red Cross

3.国际红十字会

In a world ripped apart by war, the Red Cross did its part to heal many, many wounds. The organization won Nobel Peace Prizes in 1917, 1944 and 1963 for its humanitarian services.

战争过后，满目疮痍，红十字会实施人道主义援助，救助了无数伤患人士，于1917年、1944年及1963年获得诺贝尔和平奖。

Founded in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1863, the Red Cross is committed to aiding wounded and sick people, regardless of nationality, in times of war.

红十字会于1863年成立于瑞士日内瓦，致力于战时救助各国伤病员。

The Red Cross doesn't help only military personnel; it also seeks to alleviate the suffering of civilians caught up in the strife of violent conflicts.

红十字会不只帮助军人，也会帮助暴力冲突中的平民受害者，为他们缓解痛苦。

Its volunteers also visited prisoner-of-war camps to ensure humane treatment of captives, and they even arranged for prisoner exchanges.

志愿者还会探访战俘集中营，确保俘虏不会遭到非人待遇，甚至还会安排交换囚犯。

The Red Cross tracked POWs, delivered mail to prison camps and generally served as a vital link between families and soldiers during war.

在战争中，红十字会追踪战俘情形，给战俘集中营发邮件，并且是士兵和其家人联系的重要纽带。

As war spread across the globe, the Red Cross proved that the better side of humanity could persist in the face of bullets and bombs.

战火弥漫全世界时，红十字会向世人宣告：即便战火纷飞，人道主义永存。

rt Einstein

2.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦

From a physics perspective, Albert Einstein helped to overhaul not just the entire world but also the entire universe.

从物理学角度来看，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦改变的不只是全世界，而是全宇宙。

His concepts were so far-reaching that, in some ways, they turned our perception of the very nature of reality inside out.

他的观点影响深远，某种程度上，颠覆了我们对世界本质的认知。

Einstein went to school to receive a teaching degree for chemistry and math. When he couldn't find a job, he went to work at the Swiss patent office.

爱因斯坦大学获得了化学及数学教学学位，找工作遇到难题，遂进入瑞士专利局工作。

There, in his spare time, his busy mind took up big questions in theoretical physics.

工作之余，爱因斯坦便在思索理论物理的大问题。

Einstein discovered mass-energy equivalence and also tackled theories of relativity.

他发现了质能等价性，并提出相对论。

He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the photoelectric effect, which refers to the ejection of electrons from another material in response to light.

因成功解释了光电效应（金属表面在光辐照作用下发射电子的效应），爱因斯坦于1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

His explanation demonstrated that light is made of particles, which then led to the development of the photoelectric cell. This, in turn, resulted in countless inventions, including television, motion pictures and many others.

他的解释证明光具有粒子性，光电池、电视、电影等的发明就得益于此。

Perhaps more importantly, his research evolved our understanding of physics, including quantum theory.

更重要的是，爱因斯坦的研究革新了人们对量子论等物理学的理解。

His forward thinking didn't just nudge science and technology forward; it shoved those disciplines into entirely new territory.

他的前瞻性思维不仅推动了科技发展，还促使各学科进入全新领域。

e Curie

1.玛丽·居里

Marie Curie was a selfless, quiet woman. She was also a brilliant scientist.

玛丽·居里是一个无私、文静的女人，也是一名伟大的科学家。

Not only did her work transform the way scientists viewed our world, but she also stands as a cultural gatecrasher for the ages.

她的工作改变了科学家看待世界的方式，她也成为“男子掌权”年代的不速之客。

Curie, a French-Polish scientist, was born in 1867 and spent much of her professional life investigating the principles of radioactivity.

玛丽·居里是法国籍波兰科学家，出生于1867年，一生致力于放射性研究。

In 1903, she and her husband Pierre, along with Henri Becquerel, received the Nobel Prize for their physics work on radiation-related phenomena.

1903年，玛丽·居里和丈夫皮埃尔·居里和亨利·贝可勒尔因研究放射性现象共同获得诺贝尔奖。

As if one Nobel wasn't enough, in 1911, she snagged the Nobel in chemistry for her discoveries of radium and polonium.

一个诺贝尔奖好像不够，1911年，玛丽·居里因发现镭和钋又获得诺贝尔化学奖。

This time, she didn't have to share it with anyone, making her one of very few people to have won prizes in two different fields.

这一次，她不用跟任何人分享这个奖项，成为两个不同领域的诺贝尔奖得主，举世罕见。

At the outbreak of World War I, she used her radiation knowledge to construct mobile X-ray machines for the battlefield.

一战爆发时，居里夫人利用放射学，研究出可移动的X光机用于战场救助。

She did much of the X-ray work herself and also trained other women to take X-rays, helping doctors find bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers.

她不仅自己进行X光工作，还训练其他女人照X光，帮医生找到伤员体内子弹及弹片位置。

In an era when women were in many ways considered inferior to men, Curie more than proved her worth and left a scientific legacy that continues to affect medicine and technology in untold ways.

在世人认为女子不如男的时代，居里夫人不仅证明了自己的价值，还给世界留下了宝贵的科学遗产，推动医学和技术等各方面发展。

And her genius was contagious -- her daughter, Irene Joliot-Curie, received a Nobel in chemistry in 1935.

居里夫人的天赋还遗传给了女儿伊伦·约里奥-居里，伊伦于1935年获得诺贝尔化学奖。

Curie is a figurehead for the Nobel Prize. She, along with all of the other Nobel winners, stands as evidence that this prestigious prize can highlight humankind's best achievements.

居里夫人是诺贝尔奖的灵魂人物，与众多诺奖获得者一起，向世人证明这一著名奖项见证了人类最伟大的成就。