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高中英语的形容词的语法

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形容词可用于作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等,是高中英语的学习的重要的内容,下面本站的小编将为大家带来高中英语的形容词的语法的介绍,希望能够帮助到大家。

高中英语的形容词的语法
  高中英语的形容词的语法介绍

1常见考法

1.形容词的辨析;

2.复合形容词的构成;

3.形容词的句法功能;

4.多个形容词定语的排序;

5.形容词的比较等级。

形容词和副词

1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

It is generAlly believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。

3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。

4.a+形容词比较级+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。

5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们学习比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车比自行车跑得快得多。

6.最高级

(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。

(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?

— couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍数的句型:

(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。

8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。

1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

9、以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2误区提醒

1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错

【典型例题】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。

点击下页查看更多高中英语的介词短语的作用介绍  高中英语的介词短语的作用介绍

1介词的搭配与选择

介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾语相结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前面用词的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。

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2介词的语法功能

介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等。

例如:

The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)

Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)

The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)

They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)

A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)

On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)

3介词的分类

介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前,表示词语之间意义关系的词类。 英语常用的介词大致可分为四类:

1.简单介词

顾名思义,简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词,也是使用最频繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、分词、名词、连词等转变而来。常用的简单介词有:

at,about,above,across,after,among, against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past, round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。

2.合成介词

指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有:

inside,into,onto, outside,throughout,towards,within,without等。

3.二重介词

指由两个单一的介词并列在一起,作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有:

from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。

4.短语介词

指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有:

according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语,不可独立使用,本身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。

4介词的宾语

介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如:

名词:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed.

代词:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him.

形容词:Your plan is far from perfect.

副词:I can't see the tower clearly from came from afar.

动名词:He entered the room without taking off his hat.

不定式:He did nothing but cry.

介词短语:She often studies till after midnight.

数词:In nine out often he won't come.

疑问词+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.

疑问词引导从句:He does not care about who will be promoted.

that引导的从句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.

5介词短语的句法功能

1.作定语

The key to the door is missing.

2.作表语

As we know, Japanis to the east of China.

3.作状语

1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (时间状语)

2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地点状语)

3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式状语)

6介词的复合结构

1. 介词+宾语+形容词

He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

2. 介词+宾语+分词

The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

3. 介词+宾语+不定式

The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.

4. 介词+宾语+副词

The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.

5. 介词+宾语+介词短语

The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

7介词的叠用

在少数介词之后还可接另一个介词短语,也就是我们所称的二重介词。如:

The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.

四、介词+and+介词

Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.

There are many trees in and outside the town.

8介词的固定搭配

在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多,平时需要加强记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配,并且就较容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。

as 担任 act for 代理

y to 应用于,适合于,向……申请 apply for 申请,要求

ng to 属于 belong in住在,应该…… belong with 应归于(类别,范畴等)

on 号召,请求,拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方) call in 请医生,召集,收集 call to 高声唤(某人)

are with 跟……相比较 compare to 把……比作,与……相比

espond with 与……通信;适合 correspond to 相当于

in 做生意,经营(=engage in) deal with 对付,论及,与……交往(=cope with)

with 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on 玩(某种乐器)

er from 患(病),受……祸患.

on 伺候 wait for等待

9常易混用介词的区别

1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介词。

2. 表示地点的in和at的区别

a) at表示位置,in表示“在…内”如:

— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (问话者想知道的是位置)

— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (问话者可能已经在影院门外)

b) at表示小地点,in表示大地点

They arrived at the village at seven.

They arrived in Beijing at seven.

3. in, to和on在方位名词前的区别

in表示在某范围之内;to表示某范围之外的地方;on表示“毗邻、接壤”

Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.

Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.

Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.

4. 表示时间的in和after

用于将来时态时,in后面接“时段”;after后面接“时点”。试比较:

He will be back in five hours.

He will be back after five o’clock.

after后面也可接“时段”,但应该用在过去时态的句子中。

They came back after five days.

10常见考法

一些常见介词如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;

一些介词短语如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.

11误区提醒

1. 一些介词的基本用法不清;2. 一些多义介词的用法弄混;3. 一些介词短语不会灵活运用。

【典型例题】

d you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

B. at C. for D. to

解析: 错选D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意为“为了大家欣赏”,for在此处为一基本用法,但受to one’s joy的影响错选答案。正确答案为C。

2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

解析:错选C。next to 挨着,far from 远非,out of 出于,due to 因为,根据意思,有空的句子要表达“但还很不理想”。正确答案为B。


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