雅思写作基础语法知识整理
雅思写作考试是雅思考试中比较重要的一部分，但是很多考生缺表示花了很多时间复习，效果依然不理想。小站老师认为，想要写好雅思写作，除了必要的词汇量外，还需要有一定的语法知识，下面，本站就来和大家总结一些雅思写作考试中的语法问题。
雅思写作基础语法知识整理
1、状语前置
小站分析：状语前置就是把一个修饰动词的状语结构，如介词短语，分词形式或动词不定式引导的短语放到句首、雅思写作中状语前置是很拿分的句式。不过很多考生都没意识到这一点。请看下面从剑桥提供的范文中节选的句子：
1) Like self-awareness， this is also very difficult to achieve， but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.
2) Throughout the century， the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes.
3) With a population of 176 million， the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries.
使用状语前置的最大优点是让单调的句子有了跳跃的节奏感、考官一天看上百张考卷，看到这样的句子也会心情愉悦。
2、插入语
小站分析：此种语法结构是可以理解为是状语前置的另一种变体，它将状语结构提到了主句的主语和谓语之间、插入语也是相对地道的英语表达方法。请看以下几例：
1) Universities， when it is functioning well， should offer both theoretical knowledge as well as professional training.
2) So overall， I believe that， attending school from a young age is good for most children.
插入语的功能和状语前置基本相似，都能使句子更有跳跃感和地道。
3、倒装句
1) The parents should spend time on their children， they should also communicate with them.
2) We can never lose sight of the significance of education.
以上两句话都没有任何错误，但是读来非常平淡，没有任何特色，如果我们用倒装句，出来的效果就完全不一样了。
1) Not only should parents spend time on their children， they are also advised to interact with them.
2) On no account / by no means / in no way can we lose sight of the significance of education.
实例解析增强雅思写作语句表现力的方法
一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。
1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如：
Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab. Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)
Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定语)
2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如：
1) Weak: The team members are good players.
Revision: The team members play well.
2) Weak: One worker's plan is the elimination of tardiness.
Revision: One worker's plan eliminates tardiness.
3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例如：
1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.
Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.
2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.
Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.
二、多用语意具体的动词，保持句意简洁明了。例如：
1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.
Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.
2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.
Better: She compares prices and quality.
三、尽量运用主动语态。例如：
1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.
Better: Charity has supported the organization.
2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.
Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.
四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如：
1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.
Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.
2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.
Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.
3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.
Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.
五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如：
1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.
Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.
2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.
Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.
雅思写作技巧：使句子多样化的方法
一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外，词汇的运用和句子的处理，也起着决定性作用。
句子可长可短，同一件事，可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。
总之，作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：
(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)
(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)
(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )
(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)
(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)
(1)和(5)的句式最常见;如果加上其他三种互相交替，句子不是更多样化吗?
最后，看看这两个句子要怎样多样化呢?
(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.
(7) He felt very uneasy.
(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.
(c) The young pilot''''''''s first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
(d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
(e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.
(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.
(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.
(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.
在上述12个句子中，(a)-(g)是简单句;(h)是并列句;(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外，其他五样，用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句，尤其是(j)和(k)这两款;接着便是并列句(h)。如果大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种，而其他的则弃如敝屣，不是很可惜吗?
浅谈雅思写作生活化
中国考生的写作误区
议论文的写作一直被中国考生认为是雅思考试4个科目中最困难，最艰巨的任务。很多考生都因为对话题的陌生，对语法的生疏，对词汇和英语文化现象的不了解而在这个任务上失分严重。总的来说，中国考生对于议论文的写作有两个误区。
笔者个人认为，这两个误区可能不只是由考生本身的认识而来，也和一些不负责任的相关机构的所谓的“高分培训”是非常有关系的。两个误区分别是：
1、我只要语法少犯错误，词汇用的复杂一些，精确一些，文章就算是写的枯燥一点，论证就算肤浅一点，只要字数满了我的分数也就不会低。
2、我只要大量背诵一些双边的论点就可以应付雅思考试。笔者以为，如果说前一点说法还有点可取之处的话，后一点说法就是个别培训机构不负责任的言行所造成的。而世面上所出现的一些关于双边观点累积的书籍的热销则更大程度上推动和巩固了这样一种观点，从而致使考生写出来的文章如同嚼蜡，难以得到满意的分数。
雅思生活化所倡导的思想
在经过了的摸索和总结后，我们提出了雅思生活化的理念。所谓的雅思生活化，是指把雅思的议论文用自己在生活中的亲身经历或者是自己知道的别人的经历来做一个使内容充实的工具。我们举了这么一个例子：一样是要描述那些描述非真实事件，非真实人物的书籍的优点，我们传统的方法就是绞尽脑汁的去拼凑观点，说它可以提高人们的创造力;同时也可以使人得到放松。
那么同样的事情我们可以举一个实例来说明。比如说我们都看过的电影“世界之战”，改编自19世纪90年代的科幻小说。这部小说其实是人类发展过程中的智慧和创造力的结晶，也是使后来的人们更富创造力的基石。并且，阅读这样的小说是繁忙的人们在紧张的工作和生活后的一种放松;再者，因为文中所描写的相当生动的关于外星人入侵的血腥场面，所以很多人在看完小说以后对生活有了新的认识，对生活充满了希望。这就是我们所提出的理念：雅思生活化。
雅思生活化给学生带来的帮助
用雅思生活化诠释的文章将从几个角度来帮助学生完成议论文的任务。大前提是，考生必须明白，语法和词汇在短期内是不可能得到非常大的提升的。我们所说的雅思生活化是在相同的语法基础上使得文章增强可看性和逻辑性。首先，雅思生活化后的文章将更为生动和个人化。因为每个人的经历都是不一样的，因此所用的例子也可能不一样，这对考生用大家都知道的观点来论述而使考官看的相当乏味是一种有效的革新。其次，雅思生活化的写法将提高考生的写作速度。因为是描述身边的事情来论证观点，因此写文章就会变得流畅和相对容易一些。最后，中国考生因为不熟悉英语中的段落发展的方法，写出的段落经常不是论证充分的观点。而例证法作为最容易操作也最直观的论证方法，可以帮助考生把论点比较生动的发展完全。
怎样才能学会雅思生活化
要学会雅思生活化，考生必须懂得生活雅思化。所谓生活雅思化，就是指，要善于积累和总结生活中所听所闻的一切事情，以便能够用到考试中去。因为雅思的议论文无论是学术类的考试还是移民类的考试，议论文的出题原则都是针对生活中的现象来进行观点的陈述。既然如此，那平时对于这些事情的总结就是能够用于考试时候的强有力的论证武器。
但是，考生要注意的是不仅对一些生活化的事件加以关注，比如电脑的影响的问题，禁止吸烟的问题，环境问题，社会问题，也要注重一些新生事物的发展。比如说，多媒体教育，远程办公等等一些现代科技的产物。
