特朗普向国会请求540亿美元额外军费
DonAld Trump is calling for the biggest increase in US military spending since the height of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, seeking to add $54bn to the Pentagon’s Budget to combat what he views as threats from a “dangerous world”.
唐纳德?特朗普(Donald Trump)呼吁增加美国军费支出，其增幅将是自伊拉克和阿富汗战争白热化时期以来最大的。他寻求为五角大楼(Pentagon)的预算增加540亿美元，以应对他眼中“危险世界”的威胁。The White House said on Monday it planned to ask Congress for extra defence funding equivalent to nearly 10 per cent of the military’s annual outlays as the president prepared to unveil a budget focused on “public safety and national security”.
白宫周一表示，特朗普准备公布一份重点在于“公共安全和国家安全”的预算，计划请求国会批准相当于年度军费支出近10%的额外国防经费。
Ahead of Mr Trump’s first speech to Congress on Tuesday, the president sought to put his campaign themes of security and strength back into the centre of the Washington debate following weeks of turmoil centred on his administration’s ties to the Kremlin and bitter sniping with the White House press corps.
在特朗普周二在国会发表首次演讲之前，美国总统试图把他在安全和实力方面的竞选主题重新置于华盛顿辩论的核心位置。此前数周经历了持续的风波，核心问题是特朗普政府与克里姆林宫的关系，以及白宫和白宫记者团之间的激烈论战。
“This is a landmark event and a message to the world in these dangerous times of American strength, security and resolve,” Mr Trump said.
“这是一个里程碑式的事件，是在当今危险时期向世界传递的一个有关美国实力、安全和决心的信息。”“We must ensure that our courageous servicemen and women have the tools they need to deter war and, when called upon to fight in our name, only do one thing — win,” he added. “We have to win.”
“我们必须确保我军奋勇的男女官兵拥有他们需要的武器来吓阻战争，并且在被要求以我们的名义投入战斗时，只做一件事——那就是取胜，”他补充称，“我们必须赢。”If Mr Trump’s request is approved, it would be the biggest increase in defence spending since a 10 per cent jump in 2008 and a 12 per cent increase in 2007, according to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a Washington-based watchdog group.
据华盛顿监督组织——美国尽责联邦预算委员会(Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget)表示，如果特朗普的要求被批准，那将是自2008年军费支出增加10%以及2007年增加12%以来，国防支出最大的增幅。Both budgets were passed during George W Bush’s surge in Iraq, when the president ordered 20,000 additional troops into the country as a burgeoning insurgency threatened to overwhelm the US-led effort.
那两份预算是在乔治?W?布什(George W Bush)大举增兵伊拉克时期通过的，当时在甚嚣尘上的武装叛乱可能挫败以美国为首的军事努力的情况下，美国总统命令向伊拉克增派2万美军。A White House official detailed the $54bn spending request, which still must be approved by Congress, on a call with reporters as Mr Trump said his spending would include increases for local law enforcement and the border patrol service that polices the US-Mexico frontier.
白宫一名官员在与记者们的电话会议中详细解释了这540亿美元的支出请求，特朗普称其支出包括为地方执法和维持美墨边境治安的边境巡逻方面新增的支出。The White House said it would pay for the increase by simultaneously seeking to cut non-defence spending by the same amount. Administration officials did not single out which government programmes it would cut, but Mr Trump promised “greater savings and efficiencies across the federal government”.
白宫表示，同时将通过削减等额的非国防支出来为新增军费提供资金。特朗普政府官员并未具体列出将削减的政府计划，但特朗普承诺“在联邦政府各部门加大节省并提高效率”。The administration’s figures were, however, only aspirational, and it is likely to face an uphill struggle to secure the funding it wants, even within its own party. Although Republicans have traditionally supported higher defence budgets, a core group of House Republicans budget hawks are likely to balk at such a large increase.
然而，特朗普政府提出的数字只是构想，为了争取想要的资金它很可能面临一场艰苦的斗争，甚至是在党内也将面临挑战。尽管共和党传统上支持增加国防预算，但众议院一个共和党预算鹰派核心团伙很可能不愿接受如此大幅的预算增加。Stan Collender, a budget expert and former congressional official, said the president probably had only a 50:50 chance of success.
曾担任国会官员的预算专家斯坦?科伦德(Stan Collender)表示，特朗普可能只有50%的胜算。Mr Collender said there were three ways for the White House to get $54bn: tap a contingency fund that is meant for wars; persuade Congress to lift existing defence spending caps in the face of conservative opposition; or flagrantly violate the caps.
科伦德称，白宫有3种方式争取到这540亿美元：利用为战争准备的应急资金；在面对保守派反对的情况下说服国会上调现有国防支出上限；或明目张胆地违反上限规定。
