关于抑郁症你了解多少

我们每个人都有一定程度的抑郁风险。对于有些人来说，机会很小;对于另一些人来说几乎不可避免。接下来，小编给大家准备了关于抑郁症你了解多少,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

We All have our own vulnerabilities for depression, based on our life experiences, health conditions, substance use, and genetic4 predisposition. A person's risk for becoming depressed at some point in his or her life ranges from low to high, based upon the interaction of all of these factors.

对于抑郁，我们都有各自的薄弱点，这些可能和人生经历、健康情况、物质滥用和遗传易感性有关。在这些因素的共同作用下，一个人一生中的抑郁风险有高有低。

A good general way to think of the factors that lead to depression is with the two-hit hypothesis. This model suggests that people become depressed when the effects of their genetic composition—which itself puts them somewhere on a scale of low-to-high likelihood of eventually developing depression—combine with stressful life experiences.

采取“两步假设法”可以从宏观上了解这些因素是怎样导致抑郁的。这个模式认为，在基因组成(其本身也对产生抑郁影响有高低之分)和充满压力的生活的共同作用下，人们就抑郁了。

Even those individuals with a low genetic tendency for depression can become depressed when they experience extreme stress. On the other hand, people with strong genetic predispositions may become depressed without experiencing much stress. Naturally, the people with both high stress and strong genetic predispositions are the most likely to have a depressive disorder5.

即便一个人抑郁的遗传倾向程度低，但是处于极度压力下的时候，这人也会抑郁;同样，抑郁的遗传倾向程度高的那些人，即使没处于压力环境中，也可能抑郁。自然地，那些高压力、高(遗传)基因易感性的人患抑郁症的可能性最大。

While the two-hit hypothesis is useful conceptually, making predictions for particular individuals is still a challenge. For example, because of their psychological characteristics, people respond to stress in different ways. Plus, the genetics of depression is not as simple as something like eye color.

虽然这“两步假设法”理论上行得通，可是要预测特定个体，依然是一个挑战。例如，心理特征不同的人对压力的反应不同。另外，抑郁的基因可不像决定眼睛颜色的基因那么简单。

What stressful conditions might contribute to someone developing depression?

有哪些充满压力的环境能让人们抑郁呢?

emotional or physical abuse, especially when it continues over long periods

身心虐待，尤其是长期的

sexual abuse

性虐待

emotional and physical neglect

情绪或身体被忽视

chaotic6 home environment

混乱的家庭环境

chronic7 illnesses, especially during childhood

慢性疾病，尤其是在儿童时期

substance abuse, including alcoholism

物质滥用，包括酗酒

chronic insomnia8 and sleep deprivation9

长期失眠和睡眠剥夺

How can stress early in life affect mood and brain functioning later on? There are several theoretical possibilities. One is that stress hormones10 influence the development of key areas of the brain related to mood and emotions.

人生早期的压力对随后的情绪、大脑运作有何影响?有一些理论对此进行了解释。其中一个理论认为压力荷尔蒙会影响和情绪、情感有关的关键大脑区域的发育。

Is there a depression gene3?

有一种“抑郁基因"吗?

The genetics of depression are complex and not yet fully11 understood. A single depression gene locus12 has not been found; rather, several sections of the genome have been identified that are associated with a higher probability of having depression.

有关抑郁的基因研究很复杂，还没有被人们完全了解。尚未找到一个单一的抑郁基因位点;不过，已经发现一些基因组，它们和较易导致抑郁

You are at higher risk for depression if ...

下面的情况出现时，出现抑郁的风险更大......

you have had significant difficulty due to depression in the past

抑郁曾为你带来巨大的困扰

depression runs in your family, especially in close blood relatives

有抑郁家史，尤其是近亲中

you have been exposed to chronic stressful circumstances

长期处于压力大的环境中

If you think that you are at high risk for depression, you should be alert for early signs of any symptoms of a mood disorder and you should then talk with your mental health specialist about possible treatments. Early treatment can have both short- and long-term benefits.

如果你认为自己是以为高抑郁风险者，那么对任何情绪紊乱的早期症状都要警觉，和心理健康专家探讨如何治疗。及早治疗会带来短期和长期的好处。

Of course, if you already have severe depressive symptoms, then seek help right away. If you are feeling suicidal, talk with someone about it immediately and consult your doctor, or else get to an emergency room fast.

当然，如果你已经有严重的抑郁症状，那么应寻求正确的帮助。如果你感到有自杀倾向，立刻和某个人说一说，咨询你的医生，或迅速前往急诊室。

Consider, too, the risks of your family and friends. You might play an important role in helping13 them get early treatment to prevent worse symptoms in the future.

同样，要考虑家人和朋友的抑郁风险。在帮助他们及早治疗、预防恶化的过程中，你可能会起到重要的作用。

　　扩展：不景气时保住工作的五个方法

While a recession may not be inevitable1, the economy is showing slowed growth, and this could mean that some companies consider downsizing. Worries about a US recession have many also worrying about their jobs.

虽然也许经济消退不可避免，但是经济却显示的是增长放缓，这意味着那些公司在考虑裁员。　对于消退的担心也然给许多人对工作感到担心。

You want to make sure that you can keep your job if times get tougher. Below are five things you can do to improve your chances of being kept on.

你希望确保如果时期艰苦，也能保住工作。以下就是提高在职可能性的五个方法：

1. Come up with ways to cut costs.想出节约成本的方法

See areas of waste at your company? Point out practical ways to improve efficiency and cut costs in the workplace. Obviously, now is not the time to ask for a raise. Bonus: If you can see a potential new revenue stream that requires a low (or better yet, no) cost investment, get that going. Someone who is innovative2 at stretching resources is more valuable than someone who does nothing more than consume them.

看见公司存在浪费?指出实际可行的方法来提高效率并节减开支。显然地，现在并不是要求加薪的时间。　好处：如果你能发现一条投资少却是新的收入渠道，　那么就让这个想法实现。　那些在最大化利用资源上更具有创新的人们要比那些无非只是消耗它们的人们更有价值。

2. Boost your visibility. 提高可见性

You want to be noticed in a positive way. Make sure you are on time to work, and that you limit your vacation time. Also, if you are making solid contributions, make sure that they are noticed. You don't have to be obnoxious3 about it, but you should make sure that your boss is aware of what you add to the company. You want to be known. The first people fired are those with a negative impression. The next to go are those that are unnoticed and therefore expendable.

你希望人们注意到积极的一面。确保你上班准时;你还必须限制休假日期。如果你做出了坚实的贡献;确保你被别人注意。你不必对此不高兴;而是应该让老板意识到你给公司添加的东西。 你希望被人们知道。 被解雇的人是那些消极印象的人。而第二批被解雇的人将会是那些不被注意从而可以“被牺牲”的人。

3. Go beyond. 多做事

Look for ways to go beyond what you've been told to do. Volunteer for additional tasks. But be careful! Don't volunteer for more than you can handle. You want to be known as a go-getter who gets the job done well.

寻找超出自己工作范围之外的事情。 自愿去做额外工作。 但是注意!别自愿超过力所能及的范围。 你希望人们把你认为是一个能把事情做好的“富有进取心的人”。

4. Improve your skill set. 提高你的技能

Are your skills obsolete4? Take extra classes to brush up the latest skills. If career improvement seminars are offered at work, attend them. You want to show your employer that you are still viable5 in the workplace, and that you have the necessary training to continue doing a good job.

你的技能过时了吗? 参加额外班级来更新你的技能。如果工作中提供职业提升班，那么就可以参加。 你希望的是在雇主面前表现出在职场上你依然“有用”， 你接受了继续做好工作的必要培训。

5. Watch your attitude. 注意自己的态度

Now is not the time to complain constantly. If you have constructive6 ways to make the workplace better, present them in a professional manner. Do not whine7 or complain excessively. A reputation as a morale-killer can lose you your job.

现在可不是抱怨不停的时候。如果你有建设性方法让工作场所变得更好，以职业的方式提出。不要发牢骚或过度抱怨。一个“士气杀手”的名声可能让你失去工作。

And, because there's no guarantee that you will retain your job in a recession, no matter how hard you try, it doesn't hurt to be prepared. On your own time, update your resume. Also, make sure that you are still networking with old bosses, coworkers, and business contacts. Don't wait until you are laid off to keep your contacts and resume fresh. You will get better results if you are prepared ahead of time.

而且，因为在不景气时没有保不准你会一定不失业，所以，不论多么努力，做好准备不会是坏事。 在自己的时间内，更新建立。同样，确保和过去老板、同事、企业联系人有联系。 不要等到失业后再更新联系人和简历信息。 如果提前准备那么结果会更好。