《查理周刊》并非唯一受害者

François Hollande, France’s president, rightly called it “an act of exceptional barbarity . . . against freedom of expression”. But the murder on Wednesday of 12 people at the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a satirical magazine, will not surprise anyone familiar with the rising tensions among France’s 5m or more Muslim citizens and the poisonous legacy of French colonialism in north Africa.

法国总统弗朗索瓦•奥朗德(François Hollande)恰如其分地将周三发生的枪击案称为“针对言论自由的……惨无人道之举”。不过，任何一个人，如果熟悉法国穆斯林公民群体中日渐紧张的情绪，以及法国对北非那段殖民历史延续至今的遗毒，那么他对讽刺漫画杂志《查理周刊》(Charlie Hebdo)巴黎总部12人被枪杀一事就不会感到意外。如今，法国的穆斯林公民人口已达到500万甚至更多。

For now, the perpetrators are unidentified. We need to keep in mind that the worst terrorist outrage in Europe of recent years, the murder of 77 people in Norway in 2011, was committed not by Islamist militants but by a far-right fanatic, Anders Behring Breivik.

目前，袭击者的身份已经查明。我们不能忘记的是，欧洲近年来最严重恐怖事件的制造者，不是伊斯兰武装分子，而是极右翼狂热分子安德斯•贝林•布雷维克(Anders Behring Breivik)。在2011年发生在挪威的那次事件中，他杀害了77人。

Like other politically motivated attacks, from 9/11 to the killing last May of four people at the Jewish museum in Brussels, the atrocity at Charlie Hebdo was despicable and indefensible. Among the first to condemn it was the French Council of the Muslim Faith, which termed it “a barbaric act against democracy and freedom of the press”.

从9•11事件到去年5月的布鲁塞尔犹太博物馆事件（那次事件导致4人丧生），再到针对《查理周刊》的暴行，这种政治动机驱动的恐怖袭击都是卑鄙而不可原谅的。法国穆斯林信仰理事会(French Council of the Muslim Faith)是最先发声谴责的团体之一，称这次事件是“针对民主和出版自由的野蛮行径”。

Charlie Hebdo is a bastion of the French tradition of hard-hitting satire. It has a long record of mocking, baiting and needling Muslims. Two years ago the magazine published a 65-page strip cartoon book portraying the Prophet’s life. And this week it gave special coverage to Soumission (“Submission”), a new novel by Michel Houellebecq, the idiosyncratic author, which depicts France in the grip of an Islamic regime led by a Muslim president.

《查理周刊》是法国媒体尖锐讽刺传统的一座堡垒。长期以来它都不乏揶揄、讥讽和针砭穆斯林的内容。两年前，该杂志出版过一本65页的连环漫画书，描绘伊斯兰先知(the Prophet)的生活。就在本周，该杂志为米歇尔•维勒贝克(Michel Houellebecq)的新小说《屈服》(Soumission)制作了一组专题报道。维勒贝克是一位特立独行的作家，《屈服》描绘的是一位穆斯林总统领导的伊斯兰政权控制下的法国。

This is not in the slightest to condone the murderers, who must be caught and punished, or to suggest that freedom of expression should not extend to satirical portrayals of religion. It is merely to say that some common sense would be useful at publications such as Charlie Hebdo, and Denmark’s Jyllands-Posten, which purport to strike a blow for freedom when they provoke Muslims.

这么说并没有任何为凶手开脱的意思，凶手必须被绳之以法。这么说也并非暗示言论自由不适用于对宗教的讽刺。我只是想说，对《查理周刊》和丹麦的《日德兰邮报》(Jyllands-Posten)这类刊物来说，用“常识”来思考会有帮助。这些杂志在激怒穆斯林的时候，总是自称是为了自由而战。

Emotions are understandably high in France, where the next question is what impact Wednesday’s murders will have on the political climate, and in particular the fortunes of Marine Le Pen and her far-right National Front. anti-Islamism is part of the electoral attraction of a party that topped the polls in May in France’s European Parliament elections.

法国现在群情激奋，这可以理解。下一个问题是，这一枪杀事件会对法国政局带来什么影响，特别是对马琳•勒庞(Marine Le Pen)及其领导的极右翼党派国民阵线(National Front)带来什么影响。该党在去年5月举行的法国欧洲议会选举中得票率第一，反伊斯兰主义正是其高人气的一个因素。

Ms Le Pen has taken care to distance her party from the anti-Semitism that stained it and limited its appeal under her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen. But she has left anti-Islamism in place and even reinforced it.

勒庞已谨慎地让其政党和反犹太主义保持一定距离。在她父亲让-玛丽•勒庞(Jean-Marie Le Pen)领导国民阵线时，反犹太主义曾是该党的政治污点，并影响到它对选民的吸引力。但勒庞并未改变反伊斯兰主义的态度，甚至有所强化。

In 2010 Ms Le Pen compared Muslims praying in the streets to the 1940-44 Nazi occupation of France. Less than 18 months later she collected 17.9 per cent of the vote in France’s presidential election. She has a good chance of increasing her share of the vote enough to win the first round — though not the second, decisive round — of the 2017 election.

2010年，勒庞把穆斯林在街头祈祷比作1940-44年纳粹占领法国。不到18个月之后，她在法国总统选举中赢得了17.9%的选票。在2017年的选举中，她很可能会在第一轮中以更大的优势胜出——虽然不是在决定性的第二轮。

Anti-Islamism and a hard line on immigration will shore up Ms Le Pen’s core vote, but they will not unlock the doors of the Elysée Palace. Surveys show that a majority of French people rejects racism and dislikes extremism.

反伊斯兰主义以及对移民的强硬态度，将为勒庞拉来核心选票，但这不会为她打开通往爱丽舍宫(Elysée Palace)的大门。调查显示，多数法国人反对种族主义，也不喜欢极端主义。

The English author Andrew Hussey, who lives in Paris, published a book last year called The French Intifada, in which he described France as “the world capital of liberty, equality and fraternity . . . under attack from the angry and dispossessed heirs to the French colonial project”.

在巴黎生活的英国作家安德鲁·赫西(Andrew Hussey)去年出版了新书《法国起义》(The French Intifada)，他在书中把法国形容为“自由、平等、友爱的世界首都，但承受着那些愤怒的、失势的法国殖民计划继承者的攻击。”

The murders in Paris throw down a challenge to French politicians and citizens to stand up for the republic’s core values and defeat political violence without succumbing to the siren songs of the far right.

巴黎发生的枪杀事件对法国政客和公民发出了挑战，将考验他们是否有勇气为法国的核心价值观挺身而出，击败政治暴力，拒绝屈服于极右翼狂热分子的塞壬之歌。