历史今天:1931年9·18事变(9.18)

【英文原文】

The Mukden Incident represented an early event in the Second Sino-Japanese war, although full-scale war would not start until 1937. On September 18, 1931, near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway was dynamited. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year. While the responsibility for this act of sabotage remains a subject of controversy, the prevailing view is that Japanese militarists staged the explosion in order to provide a pretext for war. This event is known by various names, including the Mukden Incident. The favored name in Japan is the Manchurian Incident (Kyūjitai: 滿洲事變, Manshujihen: 満州事変). The favored name in China is the September 18 Incident.

【中文译文】

九一八事引发了第二次中日战争，尽管全面抗日战争是从1937年开始的。在1931年9月18日，奉天（今沈阳）附近的一段由日本南满控制的铁路被炸毁。日本皇军指责中国此次行为，入侵满洲，导致满洲国在次年成立。虽然对这种破坏行为的责任仍然是一个有争议的问题，普遍的看法是，日本军国主义制造的这次爆炸事件，以此来作为开战的借口。此事件有各种不同的名称，包括奉天事变。在日本被称为满洲事变（Kyūjitai：满洲事变，Manshujihen：満州事変）。在中国称为九一八事变。